Water resources in nepal | How nepal using water

Water resources in Nepal

Water resources in Nepal

Water is indispensable for life. However, 97.5% of all H2O on Earth is salt liquid, with only the remaining 2.5% remaining as freshwater.

 About 70% of the fresh liquid available on the planet is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland. 

There is 0.7% of the total water resources available worldwide for direct human use. It is liquid found in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and shallow underground 

sources, which can be exploited at a cheaper cost. This is also the only amount It is regularly renewed by rain and snowfall and is therefore available permanently.

The use of freshwater is mainly used for domestic use, liquid supply, agriculture, and industries.

Around 67% of water is used in irrigation in the production of food grains worldwide.

The development of Nepal's water resources can generate hydropower, store water for irrigation, and supply for domestic and industrial uses.

The bodies of H2O are considered as the major strategic natural resources here, with the potential to act as a catalyst for the all-round development and economic development of the country.

There are about 6000 rivers in the country. 74% of this is within the country,

Still, there is a question water resources in Nepal

Status of water resources in Nepal

They originate in the Himalayas and carry the flow of ice with significant discharge even in the dry season. These rivers are perennially and have huge potential as a source of irrigation and hydropower plant.

Rivers originate in the Midlands or Mahabharata range

And are fed by rainfall as well as groundwater regeneration (including springs). In

Rivers are also perennial but are usually characterized by wide seasonal fluctuations.

Apart from these large and medium river systems, the Terai has a large number of small rivers mostly originating in the Siwalik Range.

 These are rivers

Seasonal with small flows during the dry season, making them unsuitable for rainy irrigation or hydropower generation without surface storage.

Water resources in Nepal about 80% of the total flow occurs during the five months (June - October) and the remaining months. It can generalize that the smaller size.

The catchment area of the river is the limit for the extensive flow of stream.

Physical water in Nepal

Although the nation is near the northern boundary of the Tropics, it has a very wide climate ranging from the tropical heat of summer and the freezing cold of the lowland to the arid continental and alpine climate through the middle and northern mountain sections. 

Due to the exceptionally rugged terrain, there is a considerable difference in the amount of rainfall and the temperature range.

water in form of

Water resources in Nepal

There are two rainy seasons in the country More than two heads last from June to September when the southwest monsoon brings about 80% of the total rainfall. 

Others, which account for 20% of the total annual rainfall, occur during winter

Can be affected by tail of cyclones originating in Nepal

The Indian Ocean and which reaches the country through the Bay of Bengal. They can give several days of heavy rain.

These dynamic and statistical features of both weather and terrain are reflected in hydrology.

 Features such as river flow, channel size, gradient, and sediment load are controlled by rainfall intensity, topography, and rock types. 

On this basis, the nation river is classified into two group perennial rivers of mountains and seasonal rivers of Terai.

Hydrological zone

There is a lot of variation in climate and terrain characteristics in Nepal,

 All four major river systems precede the rise of the main Himalayan ranges and have kept place with the uplift so that they now cut through the ranges in deep valleys.

In the mountain and midland zones, geology tends to promote rapid run-way, resulting in dense streams flowing into small, large rivers.

 in the Siwalik hills, there are plenty number of groundwater storage, geology promotes on the Terai margin and the inner Terai.

Water resources in Nepal

Snowmelt's contribution to total run-off is mainly from March to July. In catchments below 3000 m, there is no significant contribution from ice.

Antecedent river

The river valleys in the high Himalayan ranges are narrow and deep. Exceptions are in glacial areas where they are mostly U-shaped; Waterfalls, cascades, and rapids are very common; And the landscape is dotted with many glacial lakes and pools. The erosion power of the river is high.

Mahabharata Rivers:

The rivers originating from the northern face of the Mahabharata flow mostly north-south; The slope is high, and the valleys are deep and narrow. 

However, in the southern face, they mostly have an east-west flow parallel to the Churia hills and eventually cut off at some point to exit. 

The behavior of such rivers is the same as that of the earlier rivers. In the Terai, the northern side is flat, but when reaching the Indo-Nepal border narrow and deep.

Churia Hill Rivers:

The rivers of the northern face join the Mahabharata rivers and are straight and straight. But, on the southern face they rarely follow the east-west course, but instead are directly fringed. The river valleys are comparatively flat.

Terai Rivers:

Terai rivers are mostly originated from the spring line. They follow a fairly straight path and join the Indo-Nepal border. The river valleys are comparatively deep.

The river forms a narrow valley in hard rock.

In the eastern Terai all, the rivers bring a huge amount of sand and stone during floods which cover the many areas. In the next flood, the rivers take a different route, and flooding begins.

Snow and glaciers

water resources in Nepal

Hydrological reactions of snow-capped and snow-capped areas are different from other regions. About 23% of the total area of the country? is above 5000 meters of the permanent snow line.

Nepal glacial

Currently, about 3.6% of the total area of the country is covered by glaciers.

About 10% of the total rainfall in the nation falls as snow (UNEP, 2001).

A study on glaciers in the Nepal Himalaya (Mol. P. et al. 2001) divided the area from east to west into four major river valleys.

It detected 3,252 glaciers with a coverage area of  5,323 sq km?? and an estimated ice reserve of 481 km3.

All lakes at an altitude of more than 3,500 are considered a glacial lake.

Nepal's water resources summary

Water resources in Nepal

The available surface liquid in the country is estimated at about 225 billion m3 per year, which is equivalent to an average flow of 7,125 m3 / s (WECS, 2003).

 The total drainage area of these rivers is around 194,471 km2, of which 76% is located within the nation.

The availability of water resources varies greatly in terms of time and place.

Very different. For the environmental requirements, it is the demand for domestic, industrial, irrigation, hydropower generation, etc. 

It does not necessarily coincide temporally and/or spatially with available canal supplies.

Glaciers are very important features in the high Himalayan region of Nepal that maintain liquid availability in the region. 

This is especially during lean flow seasons when melt-ice contributions are important for supporting human activities and ecosystem services in both these areas and below.

The contribution of glaciers to the total flow of the basins in which they are located varies widely, from about 30% in the old Gandaki basin to about 2% in the Lacchu Khola basin.

How does Nepal use water resources?

H20 is important for every living thing. In Nepal  Water resources are in the form of  Glaciers, rivers, lakes, ponds,  waterfalls are important natural landscapes.

The importance of water resources in Nepal can be presented in the following points 

Uses of water

Irrigation

Irrigation is any means used  by humans to bring water to the land it  can be as simple as using a garden house a flower or to grow a crop. most of the people are engaged in agriculture. 

In Nepal, few people also engaged in fish farming. 

Tourism industry

Water resources are also a major attraction for tourists. People who love boating and rafting. we all know the nation is plenty of liquid resources like lakes, rivers, ponds, etc.

Industry 

Industry utilizes water to make various products. They used to make objects soft and to cool heat objects. some of industry are doing drinking-based business.

 Health

You can make the environment clean and public health success. It plays an effective role in building the country.

Daily bases

Aqua is used on a daily bases like to drink, bathing, to wash, etc.

Electricity 

Nepal is producing electricity till now it is the expected country producing 1850MW. And many hydropower plant are under construction.

Future of water resources in Nepal

Nation’s great hidden treasure that is water.  On the one hand, Nepal is a country with nature, mountains, exotic landscapes, and an impressive gastronomy. It’s no secret that its tourism potential is huge.

And what can be done with all this natural wealth? Well...  Studies conducted by the Nepalese government show that the nation's abundant resources can produce huge amounts of hydroelectric power at a very low cost.

Maybe in future

If the country regains stability, investors will line up to finance and develop this kind of project.

And the potential doesn’t end there... Nepal’s new closeness to China could make Chinese money rush into the country to finance large hydroelectric projects.

Will the new government be able to leave its ideological inclinations behind and bet on stability, openness, and foreign investment? Only time will tell. 

conclusion

Yeah, country is rich in water sources many hydropower plants are under construction. 

According to the present scenario, What do you think is this government can make investors to invest in the power plant or not?

What is your opinion about water resources in Nepal please comment below.